A patio is a functional addition to your property, but should also blend seamlessly into the landscape. Budget and taste are the main factors that guide patio construction decisions, but other considerations include texture, slip factor, and heat retention.
To construct a paver or flagstone patio, contractors follow the same marking, excavation, tamping and leveling methods as they would for concrete. They may also build a raised patio using a grade beam structure. Visit https://www.cleanstoneconstruction.com/patio-outdoor-living/ to learn more.
If you’re planning to build a patio, there’s much to do before construction begins. First, plan out your design. It’s important to think about how you’ll use the space (table, chairs, grill, average number of people) so that you can create the size and shape that will work best for your needs. This way, you can be confident that the finished product will serve your family well for years to come.
Once you’ve determined the size and shape of your new patio, mark out the area with stakes and mason’s line. This is particularly important if you’re using edging, because it helps ensure that your patio is the correct size. If you’re not installing edging, mark out the entire patio outline to help you estimate how many pavers you’ll need.
Next, decide on a laying pattern. Some paving patterns are fairly easy to install and can be accomplished by most DIY enthusiasts, while others (like herringbone) may require more advanced skills and professional equipment. If you’re unsure of your abilities, consider hiring a professional to lay your paved surface.
Some popular laying patterns for patios include running bond and stretcher bond. These are both relatively simple patterns to install and can be a great way to add visual interest to your outdoor living space. For something more intricate, try a basket weave or angled pattern. These patterns create a more detailed look that can be very eye-catching, especially when used to frame different areas of your patio such as the seating and dining areas.
To give your patio a more natural appearance, consider adding a border of contrasting color pavers. This is especially common with terra cotta, and it can be a great way to add contrast and personality to your outdoor space. If you’re working with a brick company, they can usually provide you with samples of pavers to help you choose the perfect color and pattern for your project.
Depending on your budget and the size of your patio, you might want to hire a professional to dig the hole for your paved surface. This will help to ensure that the base is properly prepared, and that the final patio will be as level and even as possible. The base should also be sloped in the direction that you want any water runoff to flow, to avoid pooling or puddles in your patio area.
Lay the Base
Regardless of the material used, all patios require a good foundation to ensure a structurally sound and stable finished product. Builders follow the same steps to lay a base for a patio that is made of pavers, bricks, or flagstones. This includes marking the area to be built with a line level and stakes or using eco friendly spray paint. Once the shape is established stakes are pounded into each corner and string tied between them to show the size and layout of the patio.
After establishing the area to be excavated builders dig to a depth that is 8″ to 12″ deeper than the final patio size for a base. This allows the builders to avoid any underground pipes or services that might be in the area and ensure that the patio will be well supported at each edge.
The excavation is then filled with a crushed gravel that is graded finer than what you might find in your driveway. This is usually followed by a layer of clean, washed sand that is free of any rocks or debris. The sand is then tamped down with a plate compactor to compact it and ensure that the base will be firm and strong.
This is a critical step as if the base is not compacted correctly it can lead to uneven settling over time. It is very important to use a vibration or plate compactor rather than trying to save money by using a hand tamper to ensure that the sand is thoroughly compacted. This is a job that should be done until the plate compactor bounces like it would on concrete.
With the sand and gravel now spread and compacted it is then time to add the expansion joints. This will be strips of asphalt-impregnated fiber that are inserted into the base between the concrete and paved areas to prevent cracking as the concrete expands or contracts with temperature changes.
After the expansion joints are installed builders will then spread and tamp down another layer of leveling sand to create a smooth surface. This is then swept and blown clean with a leaf blower and then a fine mist of water is applied to help set the polymeric jointing sand.
Lay the Pavers
A patio constructed on a slope requires special precautions to ensure the safety of all who will use it. Make sure you have the right equipment for the job: safety gear like work gloves, eye protection and hearing protection; a utility locater or the free service provided by your local utility company, called 811. Before starting any construction, check with your local utilities to have them mark locations of pipes or cables so that you don’t accidentally dig into them or cause an accident.
Before beginning any construction, clear the area of any grass, roots or other debris. You may also need to remove trees, shrubs or other large plants if you plan on building your patio in the vicinity of them. Next, lay out the basic design of your patio using stakes, marking paint or even a garden hose to get a general sense of how it will look. Once you have a rough idea of the shape, refine it with stakes and a carpenter’s square to keep your corners straight.
When the base is ready, begin laying your pavers. Work from the outer edge of your patio and work towards the center. Leave a small 1/4 inch gap in between each paver so that you can easily add or move pavers later, if necessary. Ideally, you should also spread a thin layer of sand over the entire area of your patio, and sweep it in place. This helps the sand settle, keeps it from moving during plate compacting and prevents pavers from sticking together.
Some people prefer to have their patio meet up against their house for aesthetic reasons, but it’s best to avoid this for practical purposes. Patios that meet up against the foundation of a home can be difficult to maneuver and are subject to water runoff that will wash away any soil or pavers you have installed in the area.
To help prevent this, you can install drainage materials like French drains or dry wells to channel water away from the installation area. Another option is to add a layer of polymeric sand that will create a solid, non-slip surface over the entire patio.
Finishing Up
Once the design is finalized and the permits have been acquired (if necessary), we can begin to lay the foundation for your new patio. Depending on the type of patio you want, there will be many decisions to be made at this stage. If you are building a patio with an outdoor kitchen or pool, for example, the construction process will take longer because the patio will need to be built away from your home to ensure proper access to water and gas lines. It is also important to consider if the patio will be used for dining or lounging and how much space you need for furniture.
After a hole is dug, we will install a layer of 4 inches of gravel that is then compacted with a hand tamper or rented plate compactor to create a solid base. We may then lay a layer of paver sand on top and drag a 2×4 across it to level it. We may also use a joint sand (a finer sand that helps to fill in the spaces between pavers) to make sure your patio will be stable and look great over time.
We then start laying the pavers in a pattern that suits your design. Before the entire patio is laid, we will add a thin layer of sand in between each brick to prevent them from moving as they settle and to provide a smooth surface for walking. We also put a layer of sand in any troughs left by pipes to avoid any flooding problems down the line.
Before we finish up the patio, we check the levels of each paving slab against those next to it and above it. We can use a rubber mallet to adjust the levels if necessary, but we always try to leave a slight slope in the patio that runs downhill from your house for drainage purposes.
Once the patio is finished, we may use a sand and cement mixture to point the pavers, which is done by pouring it on the joints between each paving slab. This is done to seal the sand and cement and prevent moisture from seeping through, which can cause the paving to crack over time.